I. Routine maintenance: develop good habits and prevent problems before they occur
(i) Cleaning of airframes
After the end of the operation, the tractor body, chassis and engine surface will often be attached to a large amount of soil, weeds, oil and dust. This dirt not only affects the appearance of the tractor, but also hinders heat dissipation and accelerates the aging of parts. Therefore, you need to rinse the body with water in a timely manner, for stubborn oil, you can use a special cleaner with a soft cloth to wipe. When cleaning, pay attention to avoid water entering the electrical components and engine air intake to prevent short-circuit or damage to the engine.
(ii) Checking fluids
- oil: Oil is the "blood" of the engine and plays a role in lubrication, cooling and cleaning. Every time before starting the tractor, the oil level should be checked through the oil scale to ensure that it is within the prescribed scale. If the oil level is too low, you need to add the same type of oil in time; if the oil color becomes black, thick or emulsification phenomenon, it means that the oil has deteriorated and should be replaced immediately.
- fuel oil: The quality and cleanliness of fuel directly affects the performance of the engine. When refueling, choose a regular gas station to avoid adding fuel with more impurities. At the same time, regularly check whether there is water or other impurities in the fuel tank, if found should be cleaned in time. It is recommended that the fuel filter be cleaned or replaced every once in a while to prevent clogging from affecting fuel supply.
- coolant: Coolant prevents the engine from overheating and ensures its normal operating temperature. When checking the coolant level, it should be carried out in the engine cooling state, if the level is lower than the minimum scale line, you need to add the coolant that meets the requirements. Different brands and models of coolant composition is different, can not be mixed, so as to avoid chemical reactions, damage to the cooling system.
(iii) Checking tires
Tires are the only parts of the tractor in contact with the ground, and their condition is directly related to driving safety and operational stability. Before each day's operation, check whether the tire air pressure is normal, whether there are cuts, cracks or foreign objects embedded in the tire surface. If the tire pressure is found to be insufficient, it should be inflated to the specified value in time; if the tire is seriously worn or damaged, it needs to be replaced in time. In addition, regular replacement of tires can make each tire wear evenly and prolong its service life.
Second, regular maintenance: in-depth maintenance to ensure stable performance
(i) Engine maintenance
- Change oil and oil filter: Change the oil and oil filter regularly as required by the tractor's instruction manual. Generally speaking, the oil and filter should be changed once after the break-in period of a new tractor, and then once every certain number of working hours (e.g. 200-300 hours). When replacing the oil and filter, choose reliable quality oil and filter to ensure filtration effect and lubrication performance.
- Check and adjust valve lash: Too much or too little valve lash can affect engine power and economy. Regularly check the valve lash and adjust it according to the standard values in the manual. When adjusting the valve lash, it is necessary to do it when the engine is cold to ensure the accuracy of measurement and adjustment.
- Clean and adjust spark plugs: The spark plug is a key component of the engine ignition system, and its performance directly affects engine starting and combustion efficiency. Regularly clean the carbon on the surface of the spark plug and check whether the electrode gap is normal. If the spark plug is badly worn or the electrode gap does not meet the requirements, it should be replaced in time.
(ii) Drive train maintenance
- Check and adjust belt tension: Tractor drive belts can become slack after long periods of use, affecting the efficiency of power transmission. Regularly check the tension of the belt, you can press the middle of the belt, according to its sinking amount to judge whether it is appropriate. If the belt is too loose, the position of the pulley needs to be adjusted or replaced with a new belt; if the belt is seriously worn, it should be replaced in time.
- Lubrication of drive components: Various parts of the transmission system, such as chains, gears, universal joints, etc., cause friction during operation and require regular lubrication. According to the requirements of the manual, use the appropriate lubricant to coat or refill these parts to reduce wear and prolong service life. At the same time, check the transmission parts for looseness, wear or damage, and repair or replace them promptly if there are any problems.
(iii) Brake system maintenance
The braking system is an important device to ensure the safe operation of the tractor and must be inspected and maintained regularly. Check whether the free travel of the brake pedal meets the standard and whether the thickness of the brake pad is sufficient. If the free travel of the brake pedal is too large or the brake pads are badly worn, they should be adjusted or replaced in time. In addition, check the level and quality of brake fluid. If the brake fluid is deteriorated or the level is too low, it should be replaced or added in time. Exhaust the brake system regularly to prevent air from entering and affecting the braking effect.
III. Seasonal maintenance: adapting to different environments
(i) Spring maintenance
Spring is the busy season of agricultural production, tractor use frequency. Before the arrival of spring, the tractor should be comprehensive inspection and maintenance. Focus on checking the starting performance of the engine, clean the air filter to ensure smooth air intake. At the same time, check the sealing of the hydraulic system to prevent hydraulic oil leakage affecting the lifting and working of agricultural implements. In addition, the tractor's electrical system to check to ensure that the lights, horns and other normal work for the spring operation to provide security.
(ii) Summer maintenance
High summer temperatures make the engine easy to overheat, so pay special attention to the maintenance of the cooling system. Regularly check the level and quality of the coolant, and replenish or replace the coolant in time. Clean the dust and debris on the radiator surface to ensure good heat dissipation. At the same time, summer air humidity, pay attention to prevent the electrical system from moisture short circuit, regularly check the electrolyte level and specific gravity of the battery, to maintain its normal working condition. In addition, summer tractor long time operation, should be appropriate to shorten the maintenance cycle, increase the frequency of inspection, to ensure the normal operation of the equipment.
(iii) Fall maintenance
After the fall harvest operation, the tractor needs a comprehensive cleaning and maintenance. Thoroughly clean the soil, weeds and oil on the body and chassis, and conduct a detailed inspection and maintenance of the engine, transmission system, braking system, etc. Replace worn parts, replenish or replace lubricants, hydraulic fluids, etc. At the same time, rust-proof the tractor, especially metal parts, can be coated with anti-rust paint or anti-rust oil to prevent rust and corrosion.
(iv) Winter maintenance
With low winter temperatures, tractor maintenance focuses on cold and freeze protection. Replace oil, fuel and coolant that are suitable for winter use to ensure that they can still work properly at low temperatures. Check whether the warming measures of the battery are in place, you can add a warming cover on the battery to prevent the electrolyte from freezing. Before starting the tractor, preheating methods can be used, such as using hot water to preheat the engine, or using special preheating equipment. In addition, winter tractor idle for a long time, to do a good job of storage, choose a dry, ventilated place, the tractor support, so that the tires off the ground, reduce tire pressure.
IV. Failure prevention and emergency response
(i) Prevention of common failures
Many tractor failures can be prevented through routine and regular maintenance. Keeping the engine, transmission system and other components clean and well lubricated, avoiding overloading operations, and using the tractor in strict accordance with operating procedures can effectively reduce the probability of failure. In addition, regular comprehensive inspection of the tractor, timely detection of potential problems and solve them, is also an important measure to prevent failure.
(ii) Emergency response
If the tractor breaks down during operation, first keep calm and stop immediately for inspection. For some simple faults, such as flat tires, broken belts, etc., they can be replaced according to the instructions in the operation manual. If you encounter complex faults, such as the engine can not start, hydraulic system failure, etc., do not blindly dismantle, you should contact a professional maintenance personnel for overhaul. While waiting for the arrival of maintenance personnel, set up warning signs to prevent accidents.
Tractor maintenance is a detailed and important work, need to have certain professional knowledge and skills of agricultural mechanics, at the same time to develop good maintenance habits. Only do a good job of routine maintenance, regular maintenance and seasonal maintenance, to ensure that the tractor always maintains good performance, to provide a reliable guarantee for agricultural production, to create greater economic benefits.
